PPARA and metabolic disease: Analysis of these 17 DEPs using IPA revealed five canonical pathways (Table S4): ‘acute phase response signaling (APR),’ ‘growth hormone signgling,’ ‘iron homeostasis signaling pathway,’ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation,’ and ‘hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling.’ IPA also identified ‘inflammatory response,’ ‘cancer,’ ‘organismal injury and abnormalities,’ and ‘metabolic disease’ as the top diseases and disorders associated with the presence of MIAC and IAI complicated by PPROM.