For example, chordoma cells’ high intrinsic expression of ISGs appears to underlie their dependence on the double-strand RNA (dsRNA)-editing enzyme ADAR. It has been proposed that a chronic ISG state confers dependence on ADAR because it poises nucleic acid sensors like PKR to respond to the accumulation of endogenous immunogenic dsRNAs that ADAR normally edits36,37,40. Here, ADAR is linked to chordoma.