TNF and vascular neoplasm: Although different GNAQ mutations are associated with different classes of vascular anomalies (such as GNAQ R183Q and GNAQ Q209R in CM and GNAQ Q209L in vascular tumors), recent studies highlighted that the transcriptional consequences of these mutations in ECs are similar and include upregulation of pathways such as MAPK, angiogenesis, inflammation via TNFα and NFkB, and upregulation of ANGPT212,52.