Considering the impaired suppressive activity of Tregs might reinvigorate anti-tumor immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells, as suggested by the GSEA analysis on bulk RNA-seq data (Supplementary Fig. 3e), we established a tumor-peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) co-culture system which consisted of principally CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Supplementary Figs. 3f, g). Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.