Clinical practice revealed that most NPC patients had CD70-high tumor histology, CD27-high lymphocyte infiltration, and a high CD4+/CD8+ ratio74,75, which could theoretically benefit from anti-CD70 monotherapy and anti-CD70/anti-PD-1 combination therapy, and yet this hypothesis requires translational validation in the future. Here, CD70 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.