In addition, considering the high CD27 expression in B cell lineages and high B-cell infiltration in the NPC microenvironment, the study is limited to only investigating the interaction between NPC cells and T cells with active or blocked CD70-CD27 signaling, as PBMC-engrafted humanized mice only generate a CD3+ T cell-enriched immune system. Here, CD70 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.