Next, the colocalization of TLR2 and VCL in response to bacterial infection or to a TLR2 ligand Pam3-Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (PAM) stimulation was visualized by co-immunofluorescence in THP1 macrophages (Fig 1B), and in TLR2-YFP transfected HeLa cells, widely used for VCL studies (Fig 1C). This evidence concerns the gene VCL and bacterial infectious disease.