As reported, BMP4 contributed to antisenescent, antisteatotic, antiinflammatory, and antifibrotic responses, while Gremlin 1, an inhibitor of BMP4, is particularly highly expressed in human visceral fat, which regulates hepatic cell senescence during the clinical progression of NAFLD/NASH (31), which is consistent with the findings in this study. Here, GREM1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.