NPPB and Left atrial enlargement: The idea of atrial cardiopathy is that ischemic stroke can originate from a thrombogenic atrial substrate even if there is no atrial fibrillation.27 Identified markers of atrial cardiopathy include the P-wave terminal force in lead V1 (PTFV1) on ECG, amino terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and left atrial enlargement.