On the other hand, more recent investigation demonstrates that post-ischemia TRPV1 inhibition limited neuronal damage by decreasing toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 (Hakimizadeh et al., 2017), which are usually upregulated after brain ischemia and modulate inflammation and neuronal death (Lehnardt et al., 2007). This evidence concerns the gene TLR2 and brain ischemia.