RSPO3 and colonic neoplasm: investigated RSPO fusion associated with recurrent colon cancer, using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to precisely reconstruct chromosomes in mice, and induce EIF3E-RSPO2, PTPRK-RSPO3 fusion rearrangements, it was found that Rspo2 and Rspo3 fusions are completely Wnt-dependent and can independently initiate tumor development and progression (131).