NF-κB pathway activity leads to increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ, in the peritoneal fluid, serum, and follicular fluid (FF) of women with endometriosis (11, 12). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is endometriosis.