1. TLR4 promotes the development of steatohepatitis-related HCC (34)2. In NAFLD, Liver macrophages activates HSCs through cGAS-STING pathway (35)3. MtDNA from hepatocytes of HFD-fed mice induced TNF-α and IL-6 expression in Kupffer cells through STING pathway (36)4. Activation of TLR7 signaling in Kupffer cells induces hepatocyte death and inhibit Treg cells activities, leading to the progression of NASH (37). Here, CGAS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.