A multi-European cohort of 391 NAFLD-HCC patients found that the PD-1 rs7421861 variant is associated with NAFLD-HCC in the United Kingdom population only, suggesting that there may be a difference in PD-1-related risk of NAFLD-HCC according to ethnicity (47). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.