found that α-KG pretreatment diminished the lung damage score, inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in sera, suppressed M1 marker gene expression (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and enhanced M2 marker gene expression (Arg1) to attenuate LPS-induced ALI/ARDS in a mouse model (145). Here, IL6 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.