We demonstrated that HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, antihypertensives, diuretics, drugs for peptic ulcer and GORD, antithrombotic agents, calcium channel blockers, agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system, drugs used in diabetes, beta blocking agents, and salicylic acid and its derivatives causally increased the risk for stroke. This evidence concerns the gene REN and diabetes mellitus.