For example, β1-integrin subunit overexpression was found to reduce MUC5AC but not MUC5B levels (secreted mucins).187 Interestingly, α2β1 and β2 integrin expression was shown to be increased after infection caused by human and animal RVAs.188 In turn, mucins were shown to regulate integrin conformation.189 Changes in integrin conformation led to an increase in their affinity for extracellular ligands including pathogens.190 For example, transmembrane mucin MUC1 (its cytoplasmic tail) was demonstrated to affect the integrin-mediated adhesion of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. This evidence concerns the gene MUC5AC and infection.