CALR and neoplasm: Besides directly killing tumor cells by breaking double-strand DNA, radiation leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress in tumor cells, which causes exposition or secretion of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), mainly calreticulin (CRT), heat-shock proteins (HSPs), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and adenosine triphosphate, and the release of tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens [61].