In terms of molecular pattern, LCNEC presents as a distinct subgroup of lung cancer, which could be categorized into “type I LCNEC” and “type II LCNEC”: type I LCNEC shares similar genomic alterations (STK11/KEAP1 alterations) with other types of NSCLC, while the transcriptional characteristics and neuroendocrine profile are shown more resemblance to SCLC. Here, KEAP1 is linked to large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.