RAF1 and colorectal carcinoma: To assess the role of RAF1’s enzymatic activity, we re-expressed RAF1 full length (wild-type, WT) or the kinase-dead mutant D486A, in which aspartic acid residue 486 within the DFG motif of the activation segment was converted to alanine [29], in two independent RAF1 KO clones of each CRC cell line.