We selected healthy lung tissue from 195 out of 1,346 prospectively recruited treatment-naive patients with lung cancer from the TRACERx cohort (NCT01888601), balancing the cohort for sex, EGFR mutation status and smoking status within the limits of tissue availability (Supplementary Table 7 and Extended Data Figs. 7 and 8a,b). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and lung carcinoma.