Finally, to test the requirement of IL-1β in PM-enhanced adenocarcinoma formation, we initiated oncogene expression in the doxycycline-inducible CCSP-rtTa;TetO-EGFRL858R model and exposed mice to PM with concomitant administration of an anti-IL-1β or a control antibody (200 μg per dose; Extended Data Fig. 5m). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and adenocarcinoma.