CD8A and neoplasm: For precise patient selection, a number of biomarkers have been demonstrated to predict the efficacy of ICI therapy, such as MSI status [62], TMB [63], neoantigen expression levels [64], CD8 + T cell counts [65], and tumor cell surface PD-L1 expression levels [66], but none of these indicators have sufficiently high positive and negative predictive values to allow effective screening of patients [67].