Intriguingly, plasma and placental EPO concentrations were greater in preeclamptic mothers than in control mothers.15 In addition, studies in the setting of normal maternal conditions without HDP found that exogenous EPO delivered to pups reduced avascular retina during hyperoxia in mouse OIR.16 Therefore the impetus of this current study is to understand whether preeclampsia that leads to maternal UPI and infant IUGR modulate the risk of ROP development via EPO. This evidence concerns the gene EPO and fetal growth restriction.