CHAC1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: As shown in Fig 1, Chac1 mRNA levels were upregulated 2-5-fold in skeletal muscles of tumor-bearing mice in four cancer cachexia models characterized previously [28–31], including colon cancer C26 (Fig 1A), pancreatic cancer Pan02 (Fig 1B), ovarian cancer TOV21G (Fig 1C), and fibrosarcoma HT-1080 (Fig 1D), when compared to nontumor bearing (NTB) mice.