Representative NTA profiles for each GBM cell line are shown in Fig. 1F and characteristic vesicular morphologies revealed by cryo-EM, confirming a sEV size range of 40–200 nm for each GBM cell model are shown in Fig. 1G. Western blot analysis showed that sEVs in comparison to donor cells were enriched in the canonical EV marker, ESCRT-associated protein ALIX, and were absent in the EV-negative control, i.e., ER-associated protein Calnexin (Fig. 1H). This evidence concerns the gene CANX and glioblastoma.