INS and endothelial dysfunction: Sfrp5 is among one of the AAKs which inhibits endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness and exhibits atheroprotective activity. CTRPs are the paralogs of adiponectin, and some members of CTRPs enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. These members of CTRPs improve mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibit platelet activation and aggregations thereby reducing the risk of CAD thus preventing MI and stroke. They enhance the uptake of glucose by adipocytes thus conferring glucose homeostasis and also enhance cardiomyocyte survival and reduce fibrosis.