Several studies reported neuroprotective effects of fingolimod on Aβ pathology, APP metabolism, AD-related memory deficits, BDNF elevation, and neuro-inflammation and were nicely summarized in recent reviews (compare Angelopoulou et al. 2019; Bascunana et al. 2020; Pournajaf et al. 2022). Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.