ALB and infection: There is no substantial evidence that raising serum albumin concentrations to the normal range (3.5-5.0 g/dL) is associated with improvements in clinically important outcomes.57 Recently, the ATTIRE trial was conducted to evaluate whether targeting an increase in the serum albumin level to 3 g/dL or higher with the use of repeated daily infusions of 20% HSA, as compared to standard care, would reduce the incidence of infection, kidney dysfunction, and death among hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis.