TMPRSS4 and lung carcinoma: miR-125a-p5, a key regulator in carcinogenesis that is expressed at abnormal levels by specific types of cancer, including NSCLC, colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancers, can target the 3′-UTR of TMPRSS4 mRNA to downregulate TMPRSS4 expression directly, resulting in reduced growth and enhanced apoptosis of lung cancer cells56.