PLAU and neoplasm: Complexes of uPA and uPAR on the tumor cell surface interact with coreceptors (e.g., integrins) to activate intracellular signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K/AKT, Rac1, and JAK/STAT, which promote cell migration, invasion, survival, metastasis, EMT, stem cell-like properties, and chemotherapy resistance80.