Compared with that in normal tissue, the expression of TMPRSS4 mRNA in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, a known precursor for lung adenocarcinoma, is moderately (by 2-fold) upregulated, and it is further (by 8-fold) upregulated in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, according to the data published by Sivakumar et al.51. The gene discussed is TMPRSS4; the disease is lung adenocarcinoma.