TWIST1 and cancer: The evidence that ERK1/2 activate EMT core transcription factors like SNAIL, SLUG, TWIST, ZEB1, and ZEB2 (Weiss et al., 2012; Strippoli et al., 2015; Chiu et al., 2017; Sinh et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2022) is mainly obtained from cancer cell studies.