FOXO1 and Insulin resistance: RES has some insulin-sensitizing effects, mainly by activating silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) to regulate NADPH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) levels, thereby improving mitochondrial function and oxidative stress and relieving insulin resistance (Huang D. D. et al., 2020).