TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: TDP-43 immunoreactivity was strikingly and significantly higher in the cytoplasmic compartment of retinal cells of ALS patients compared to age matched controls (ALS: 1.2 ± 0.2, n = 57/7 fields/individuals; controls 0.65 ± 0.09, n = 50/6 fields/individuals p < 0.05; FOV = 400 μm2), thus confirming the accumulation of TDP-43 mislocalization in ALS patients retina (Figure 1C).