PPARG and Parkinson disease: Pioglitazone, a proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist, can reduce microglia and astrocyte activation (Breidert et al., 2002); NLY01, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonist, inhibited the phenoconversion of astrocytes toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype and protected against the loss of dopamine neurons and behavioral deficits in the model of sporadic PD (Yun et al., 2018).