Cytokines are the most abundant secreted factors in the TME and mediate cell‐to‐cell communication between stromal cells and tumor cells, either affecting their proliferation and metastasis (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, interferon (IFN)‐γ, TGF‐β, and VEGF) or modulating the TIME, reshaping immune responses to tumor cells (IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐7, IFN‐γ, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)).17, 18. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.