GCG and diabetes mellitus: Body weight, body fat mass, and plasma lipid levels (cholesterol, insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide) decreased when administrating bitter melon extract (BME) orally in an animal model with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes (Yoon et al., 2017); SIRT1, AMPK, and PPARα factors related to glucose consumption increased, whereas factors associated with fat accumulation such as SREBP1c decreased significantly.