Meanwhile, daprodustat also showed the highest hepcidin-lowering efficacy (84.0%), while placebo was the lowest (8.2%).<h4>Conclusion</h4>For NDD-CKD patients, HIF-PHIs could ameliorate functional iron deficiency by promoting iron transport and utilization, which may be achieved by decreasing hepcidin levels. Here, HAMP is linked to nutritional disorder.