INS and diabetes mellitus: Most interestingly, Khan et al. reported that people at Berne Amish community who carry heterozygous mutation (c.699_700upTA) in the PAI-1 gene with a loss of function of the protein have significantly longer leukocyte telomere length, lower fasting insulin levels, and lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus whereas the carriers of the null PAI-1 allele had a longer life span [51].