Furthermore, novel emerging biomarkers seem to play a prognostic role (27, 29) while genetic risk factors such as gain-of-function MUC5B promoter variant rs35705950 increase the risk of ILD in patients with RA and are associated with the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern at HRCT (30) apart from being associated with IPF (31). Here, MUC5B is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.