KRAS and neoplasm: KRAS, the driver mutation for PDAC, was known to affect various TME components including CAFs, immune cells, and extracellular matrix, to create a favorable TME for tumor growth by providing metabolic support, stimulating angiogenesis, and suppressing immune surveillance.36,37 Our findings suggested that miRNAs play a pivotal role in the cascading effect of KRAS induced tumor promotion.