In a mouse model of NAFLD, butyrate supplementation via gut microbiota attenuated hepatic steatosis via AMPK (adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase)-dependent SREBP-1c transcriptional inactivation; this effect reduced the expression of lipogenesis-related genes such as FAS and SCD1 (Zhao et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene SREBF1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.