PTEN and renal cell carcinoma: These included: VHL(p.87V>P) (VAF 0.13%; 0.8 copies/ml), ERBB2(p.424V>L) (VAF 0.15%; 1.2 copies/ml), and PTEN(p.F215Lfs*6) (VAF 0.16%; 1.2 copies/ml) genes (found earlier in the RCC tissue biopsy by whole exome sequencing; Supplementary Table 1) that were either undetectable or present in lower levels in the peripheral blood samples of the same date (Figure 10; Supplementary Table 2).