revealed that tumor cell-intrinsic OPN not only facilitated macrophages migrate to TME and polarize to TAMs but also upregulated PD-L1 expression in HCC through activating the colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1)-CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling in macrophages (121). The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.