AKT1 and neoplasm: Oncoproteins are abundant in the exosomes produced by metastatic HCC cells, such as MET protooncogene, S100 family members and the caveolins, which activate PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in normal hepatocytes after absorbing them, resulting in upregulation of MMP2 and MMP9 and such enhancing tumor cells migration and invasion (148).