TGFB1 and breast carcinoma: In univariate and multivariate analyses, low TGF-β1 and TNF-α and high IFN-γ were associated with significantly lower risk ratios for disease progression, and serum TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels may be potential prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer patients with bone metastases treated with taxane and zoledronic acid chemotherapy (24).