Moreover, as a novel ligand of DDR1, the complement protein C1q induces the migration and invasion of HCC cells by activating and upregulating DDR1 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/Akt pathways to increase the expressions of MMP2/9 and EMT-related proteins (48). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.