NFE2L2 and chronic kidney disease: Studies have found that astragaloside IV can also induce the expression of GPX, SOD, as well as catalase, and ameliorate mitochondrial oxidative stress via Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in AKI and CKD models (Yan et al., 2017; Gao et al., 2020a; Feng et al., 2022; Su et al., 2022).