In vivo studies using the breast cancer 4T1 model depleted FAP CAFs by DNA vaccines led to increased expression of IL-2 and IL-7 (inducing Th1 cell differentiation) and decreased expression of IL-4 and IL-6 (inducing Th2 cell differentiation) in tumor homogenates, indicating that CAFs regulate the transition from Th1 to Th2 mediated immunity (Liao et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene FAP and neoplasm.