CPZ and infection: CPZ and PCZ was implicated to be able to abrogate host cell infection by hepatitis C, dengue and some coronaviruses by inhibiting clathrin-mediated endocytosis (Chamoun-Emanuelli et al., 2013; Burkard et al., 2014; Simanjuntak et al., 2015; Cong et al., 2018; Stip et al., 2020).