IL18 and Rotavirus infection: It is widely believed that interleukin-22 (IL-22) inhibits rotavirus infection by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway and upregulates the expression of antimicrobial genes in the gut, including antimicrobial peptide β-defensin (BD-2), cytokine IL-18, and interferon- λ (IFN-λ) (105, 106).