In addition, another member of the phosducin-like protein family, phosducin-like protein 3 (PhLP3), also known as thioredoxin domain-containing 9 (TXNDC9), was proven to be an oncogene that promotes the malignant progression of many types of cancers, including prostate cancer (17), hepatocellular carcinoma (17), colorectal adenocarcinoma (18), gastric cancer (19) and malignant glioma (20). This evidence concerns the gene PDCL and cancer.