CUL1 and inflammatory bowel disease: The probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can induce the production of ROS and consequently inactivate Ubc12 and inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway through blocking the NEDDylation of Cul1, which contributes to preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and relieving IBD in neonates (145).