Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hucMSC-exosome) contain high levels of miR-326 that could attenuate the NEDDylation of Cul1 and consequently inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway, contributing to the relief of IBD induced by DSS in mice (146). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and inflammatory bowel disease.