TIAM1 and neoplasm: T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1) encodes a RAC1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which mediates the exchange of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) for guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and regulates RAC1 signaling pathways that affect tumor cell growth, survival, migration and actin cytoskeletal formation [37].