TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: This resulted in improved histology and decreased ALT, proinflammatory factor, and hepatic fibrosis gene mRNAs (Il1, Il6, Timp1 and Tgfb) and proteins expression (IL1β, IL6, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), COL1A1, TGFβ and TIMP1) revealing that P. distasonis could improve TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis (Fig. 2c–g, Supplementary Fig. 4d).